IRS Revenue Ruling
2001-24

Code Sec. 368

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26 CFR 1.368-1: Purpose and scope of exception for reorganization
exchanges.

Forward triangular merger. A controlling corporation's transfer of the
acquiring corporation's stock to another controlled subsidiary as part of
the plan of reorganization, following the merger of the acquired
corporation with and into the acquiring corporation, will not cause the
transaction to fail to qualify as a reorganization under sections
368(a)(1)(A) and 368(a)(2)(D) of the Code.


REV. RUL. 2001-24

ISSUE

Whether a controlling corporation's transfer of the acquiring
corporation's stock to another subsidiary controlled by the controlling
corporation as part of the plan of reorganization, following the merger of
the acquired corporation with and into the acquiring corporation, will
cause the transaction to fail to qualify as a reorganization under
sections 368(a)(1)(A) and 368(a)(2)(D) of the Internal Revenue Code.


FACTS

Pursuant to a plan of reorganization, corporation X merges with and
into corporation S, a newly organized wholly owned subsidiary of P, a
corporation unrelated to X, in a transaction intended to qualify as a
reorganization under sections 368(a)(1)(A) and 368(a)(2)(D). S continues
the historic business of X following the merger. Following the merger and
as part of the plan of reorganization, P transfers the S stock to S1, a
pre-existing, wholly owned subsidiary of P. Without regard to P's
transfer of the S stock to S1, X's merger with and into S qualifies as a
reorganization under sections 368(a)(1)(A) and 368(a)(2)(D).


LAW AND ANALYSIS

Section 368(a)(1)(A) provides that the term reorganization includes a
statutory merger or consolidation. Pursuant to section 368(a)(2)(D), the
acquisition by one corporation, in exchange for stock of a corporation
(the "controlling corporation") that is in control (as defined in section
368(c)) of the acquiring corporation, of substantially all of the
properties of another corporation (the "merged corporation") shall not
disqualify a transaction under section 368(a)(1)(A) if--

(i) no stock of the acquiring corporation is used in the transaction,
and

(ii) in the case of a transaction under section 368(a)(1)(A), such
transaction would have qualified under section 368(a)(1)(A) had the merger
been into the controlling corporation. Section 368(b) provides that a
party to a reorganization qualifying under sections 368(a)(1)(A) and
368(a)(2)(D) includes the merged corporation, the acquiring corporation,
and the controlling corporation.

Section 368(a)(2)(C) provides that a transaction otherwise qualifying
under section 368(a)(1)(A), (1)(B), or (1)(C) is not disqualified by
reason of the fact that part or all of the assets or stock which were
acquired in the transaction are transferred to a corporation controlled
(as defined by section 368(c)) by the corporation acquiring such assets or
stock.

Under section 1.368-2(f) of the Income Tax Regulations, if a
transaction otherwise qualifies as a reorganization, a corporation remains
a party to a reorganization even though the stock or assets acquired in
the reorganization are transferred in a transaction described in section
1.368-2(k). Section 1.368-2(k)(1) restates the general rule contained in
section 368(a)(2)(C) but permits the assets or stock acquired in the
reorganization to be successively transferred to one or more corporations
controlled (as defined under section 368(c)) in each transfer by the
transferor corporation without disqualifying the reorganization.
Additionally, section 1.368-2(k)(2) provides that a transaction qualifying
under sections 368(a)(1)(A) and 368(a)(2)(E) is not disqualified by reason
of the fact that part or all of the stock of the surviving corporation is
transferred or successively transferred to one or more corporations
controlled in each transfer by the transferor corporation, or because part
or all of the assets of the surviving corporation or the merged
corporation are transferred or successively transferred to one or more
corporations controlled in each transfer by the transferor corporation.

To qualify as a reorganization under section 368(a), a transaction must
satisfy the continuity of business enterprise requirement. Section
1.368-1(d)(1) requires that the issuing corporation, in this case P, must
either continue the target corporation's historic business or use a
significant portion of the target's historic business assets in a business
in order for a reorganization to satisfy the continuity of business
enterprise requirement. The underlying policy of this rule is to ensure
that reorganizations are limited to readjustments of continuing interests
in property under modified corporate form. Pursuant to section
1.368-1(d)(4), the issuing corporation (the controlling corporation in the
case of a section 368(a)(2)(D) reorganization) is treated as holding all
of the businesses and assets of all of the members of its qualified group.

Section 1.368-1(d)(4)(ii) defines a qualified group as one or more
chains of corporations connected through stock ownership with the issuing
corporation, but only if the issuing corporation owns directly stock
meeting the requirements of section 368(c) in at least one other
corporation, and stock meeting the requirements of section 368(c) in each
of the corporations (except the issuing corporation) is owned directly by
one of the other corporations. Therefore, the issuing corporation is
treated as directly holding the businesses and assets of second-tier and
lower-tier subsidiaries that are part of the qualified group.

In applying these requirements to the facts, the continuity of business
enterprise requirement is satisfied. Because S and S1 are members of P's
qualified group, P will be treated as directly holding the businesses and
assets of S. Therefore, because S will continue X's historic business
following the merger, the transaction will satisfy the continuity of
business enterprise requirement of section 1.368-1(d). The remaining issue
is whether P's transfer of the S stock to S1 as part of the plan of
reorganization causes P to fail to control S for purposes of section
368(a)(2)(D) and causes P to fail to be a party to the reorganization.
Section 368(a)(2)(C) and section 1.368-2(k) do not specifically address
P's transfer of the stock of S to S1 following an otherwise qualifying
reorganization under sections 368(a)(1)(A) and 368(a)(2)(D), because
assets and not stock were acquired in the reorganization. If the
transaction were recast under the step transaction doctrine so that X's
assets were viewed as being acquired by a second-tier subsidiary of P, the
transaction would not qualify as a reorganization under sections
368(a)(1)(A) and 368(a)(2)(D) because P would not control S. For the
reasons set forth below, the transaction will not be recast under the step
transaction doctrine.

The legislative history of section 368(a)(2)(E) suggests that forward
and reverse triangular mergers should be treated similarly. See S. Rep.
No. 1533, 91st Cong., 2d Sess. 2 (1970). As discussed above, pursuant to
section 1.368-2(k)(2), a controlling corporation in a merger that
qualifies under sections 368(a)(1)(A) and 368(a)(2)(E) may transfer the
stock (or assets) of the surviving corporation to a controlled subsidiary
without causing the transaction to fail to qualify as a reorganization
under sections 368(a)(1)(A) and 368(a)(2)(E). The concept that forward and
reverse triangular mergers should be treated similarly supports permitting
P to transfer the S stock to S1 without causing the transaction to fail to
qualify as a reorganization under sections 368(a)(1)(A) and 368(a)(2)(D).

This concept also is reflected in the continuity of business enterprise
regulations under section 1.368-1(d), which do not distinguish between
section 368(a)(2)(D) and section 368(a)(2)(E) reorganizations and do not
differentiate between whether stock or assets are acquired.

Section 368(a)(2)(C) does not preclude this transaction from qualifying
as a reorganization under sections 368(a)(1)(A) and 368(a)(2)(D) because
of the stock transfer. By its terms, section 368(a)(2)(C) is a permissive
rather than an exclusive or restrictive section. See, e.g., section
1.368-2(k); Rev. Rul. 64-73, 1964-1 C.B. 142. Further, section
368(a)(2)(C) and section 1.368-2(k) similarly do not cause P to fail to be
treated as a party to the reorganization. See Rev. Rul. 64-73.

Accordingly, for the reasons set forth above, P's transfer of the S
stock to S1 as part of the plan of reorganization, following the merger of
X with and into S, will not cause P to be treated as not in control of S
for purposes of section 368(a)(2)(D). Additionally, P will be treated as a
party to the reorganization.


HOLDING

A controlling corporation's transfer of the acquiring corporation's
stock to a subsidiary controlled by the controlling corporation as part of
the plan of reorganization, following the merger of the acquired
corporation with and into the acquiring corporation, will not cause the
transaction to fail to qualify as a reorganization under sections
368(a)(1)(A) and 368(a)(2)(D).


DRAFTING INFORMATION

The principal authors of this revenue ruling are Joseph Calianno and
Marnie Rapaport of the Office of Associate Chief Counsel (Corporate). For
further information regarding this revenue ruling, contact Mr. Calianno at
(202) 622-7930 or Ms. Rapaport at (202) 622-7550 (not a toll-free call).

<<END RULING>>

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